How did Rockefeller turn lamp oil into a monopoly the government had to break?

How did Rockefeller turn lamp oil into a monopoly the government had to break?

“E69: Building A Nation - John D. Rockefeller, the American Oil Tycoon” presents Rockefeller as a figure of contradictions: a disciplined, ruthless oil strategist who built Standard Oil through vertical integration, trusts, transport control, and political maneuvering, then became a major philanthropist focused on education, medical research, and self-reliant institutions.